Schardin spent some time developing the device as a sideattack antitank weapon, but development. The device fires the balls in a 60degree horizontal arc, inflicting its most deadly damage within 50 metres but potentially causing injury at 250 metres. The efp warhead was derived from the misznay schardin device,1 which consists of a right circular cylinder of explosive, with a shallow cavity in one end that is fitted with a thin metallic liner. A metal plate on the top of the mine works on this principle. Misznay schardin effect mpb mine showing cylindrical, concave misznay schardin warhead the misznay schardin effect, or platter effect, is a characteristic of the detonation of a broad sheet of explosive. The mine has a circular ribbed plastic case that is tapered towards the bottom. A forward submunition of a tandem bomblet will nest within a cavity of a shaped charge of an aft submunition. The rear of the device was a steel sheet covered with the explosive. The misznay schardin effect correct spelling misnay schardin, or platter effect, is a characteristic of the detonation of a broad sheet of explosive.
Upon detonation, the liner copper or an alloy dynamically transforms into an aerodynamic projectile traveling at. Read, highlight, and take notes, across web, tablet, and phone. I was reading about the claymore mine and was amazed that it can produce shot velocities of 1,100 fps and above, about the range of shot from a shotgun. The warhead formed from the explosively forged misznay schardin disc is capable of penetrating armor.
When a sheet of explosive detonates in contact with a heavy backing surface for example, a metal plate, the resulting blast is primarily directed away from the surface in a. Its design stems from world war ii, when two scientists, a german and a hungarian, discovered the effect that an explosion can be directed by a heavy steel plate in which they would name it the misznay schardin effect after themselves. Specialized explosive techniques flashcards quizlet. The front end of the case is capped by a liner that on detonation of the explosive charge converts to one or more explosively forged penetrators that speed toward the target. Landmines and significant ied designs documented in yemen september 5. Misznay schardin effect platter charge the acceleration of a solid plate from the face of an explosive charge during detonation. They normally employ a misznay schardin shaped charge to fire a penetrating slug through the target armour.
Together briefly, misznay and schardin postulated that projectiles could be thrown accurately and predictably from the face of a fla t explosive charge. A shaped charge is an explosive charge shaped to focus the effect of the explosives energy. Little not even his first nameis known about misznay, who disappeared behind the iron curtain in 1945, never to reappear. The mine consists of a cylindrical body with three prong legs that form a spike. The misnay schardin effect, or platter effect, is a characteristic of the detonation of a broad sheet of explosive. It was named after the claymore, a large scottish sword, by its inventor, norman a. The type 84 at mine is an airdispersed mine that uses a misznay schardin ms warhead to penetrate armoured vehicles. The vshct series of mines are italian plastic cased antitank mines that use misznay schardin effect warheads and have a dual seismic and. It was also used by other military forces, particularly those that acquired the early postworld war 2 british 105 mm royal ordnance. The mine is additionally fitted with an unspecified antihandling device.
Explosively forged penetrator warhead avco corporation. A shaped charge is an explosive device that utilizes a specific geometry, or. It was developed to be laid automatically from the matenin minelayer or by hand. Its easy to confuse the two, but the traditional shaped charge and the efp are two different animals, even if they appear superficially similar. The gld 220 electrically disarms after approximately 72 hours when the battery becomes sufficiently discharged. The mines are circular, with a large misznay schardin effect warhead in the center of the mine, with the fuzing and sensor electronics located in the dead space above the main charge. Misznay, who disappeared behind the iron curtain in 1945, never to reappear. A typical device consists of a solid cylinder of explosive with a metallined.
The type 84 is a chinese scatterable antitank mine, normally deployed by 122 mm artillery rockets. As the name suggests, the effect of the explosive charge is to deform a metal plate into a slug or rod shape and accelerate it toward a target. This superplastic jet is capable of penetrating armor steel to a depth of seven or more times the diameter of the charge. The hawkins mine was a british antitank device that could be employed as a mine. The rearmost end of the case is capped by a detonator that fires the explosive charge when a target is sensed. Unlike the blast from a rounded explosive charge, which expands in all directions. The entire series of mines conform to the united states milstd331. This powerful antiinfantry explosive device is ideal for setting up traps and. How does a claymore mine produce shotgun velocities. Shaped charge theory and charges flashcards quizlet. Various types are used to cut and form metal, initiate nuclear weapons, penetrate armor, and perforate wells in the oil and gas industry a typical modern shaped charge, with a metal liner on the charge cavity, can penetrate armor steel to a depth of seven or more times the diameter of the charge. Both bomblets are separately enclosed by fragmenting warheads that are positioned in tandem.
The warhead functions by having the explosive charge collapse a metal liner inside the warhead into a highvelocity superplastic jet. The m18 is based on the misznay schardin effect, the behaviour of sheets of explosive that was independently discovered in wwii by misznay, a hungarian, and schardin, a german. This cache of munitions documented here in early august is observed to contain over 150 examples of the. The at2 mine is a scatterable antitank mine developed by dynamit nobel. The hpd1 consists of a large case with a prominent circular section at one end that contains the clearing charge and misznay schardin effect warhead, and a rectangular section that contains the batteries and seismic and magnetic sensors that the electronic fuze uses. Misznay schardin effect supplement eod tools for uxo over 8 dia stand off. Schardin was joined by a mysterious hungarian scientist named misznay. The m18 is based on the misznay schardin effect, the behaviour of sheets of explosive that was independantly discovered in wwii by misznay, a hungarian, and schardin, a german. At least 23 ieds resembling misznay schardin platter charges or explosively formed penetrators efp are included in. Determining and mitigating the effects of firing a.
This self forging projectile principle has been used for some french and soviet off route mines and has earned infamy as an improvised explosive devices ied technique in israel and especially iraq. Blasting machines wereare used to supply the electricity to fire blasting caps. The mine uses the misznay schardin effect to project an explosively formed projectile to an effective range of roughly 50 meters, where it can penetrate up to 100 millimeters of rolled homogeneous armour rha plate. A simple misznay schardin device consists of a strong metal circular cylinder of explosive, with a shallow cavity in one end that is fitted with a thin metallic liner. The mine can be programmed to selfdestruct after either 1, 10 or 30 days have passed. They normally employ a misznayschardin shaped charge to fire a. The explosive blast expands directly away from perpendicular to the surface of an explosive. When explosive detonates in contact with a metal object, the explosion is primarily directed away from the metal. Misznay schardin effect metal plate projected away from explosive when detonated, uses shock wave and expanding gases to propel plate at up to 10,000 fps, plate inverts and becomes high speed missle, inverts to form an aerodynamic slug, may penetrate armor or defeat by spalling. An explosively formed penetrator efp, also known as an explosively formed projectile, a selfforging warhead, or a selfforging fragment, is a special type of shaped charge designed to penetrate armour effectively at standoff distances. The misznay schardin effect was independently discovered during world war ii by misznay, a hungarian, and dr. The msm mk2 also known as the pm87 is a finnish belly attack antitank mine. In all cases the idea is to provide the energy necessary to fire an electrical blasting cap, like the army m6. Misznay schardin effect the m18 is based on the misznay schardin effect, the behaviour of sheets of explosive that was independently discovered in wwii by misznay, a hungarian, and schardin, a german.
Upon ejection from its container, the mine deploys a small parachute. By 1937, schardin believed that hollowcharge effects were due to the. Explosive blasts expand directly away from, and perpendicular to, the surface of an explosive. Highexplosive squash head hesh is a type of explosive ammunition that is effective against tank armour and is also useful against buildings. Together briefly, misznay and schardin postulated that projectiles could be thrown accurately and predictably from the face of a flat explosive charge. If the greater mass water inside the vshaped cavity is the driving factor. An ordnance device includes a submunition having a generally cylindrical case packed with an explosive charge. Explosively formed projectiles efp have been used to defeat armored vehicles for more than 30 years. This process is a combination of both the munroe and misznayschardin.
Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Landmines and significant ied designs documented in yemen. The m382 special munition attack charge kinetic, better known as the smack is a unsc high explosive device used for a variety of antimaterial purposes, such as demolition, sabotage and antitank operations in close quarters combat situations. Spall are flakes of a material that are broken off a larger solid body and can be produced by a variety of mechanisms, including as a result of projectile impact, corrosion, weathering, cavitation, or excessive rolling pressure as in a ball bearing. The m18a1 claymore is an antipersonnel mine that was developed for the us military by norman a. Their theory is known today as the misznay schardin effect. It was fielded chiefly by the british army as the main explosive round of its main battle tanks during the cold war. Explosively formed penetrator military wiki fandom. Hpd series of mines military wiki fandom powered by wikia. Landmines and significant ied designs documented in yemen september 5, 2015 antipersonnel, efp, fuze. Contentsshow hpd1 the hpd1 consists of a large case with a prominent circular section at one end that contains the clearing charge and misznay schardin effect warhead, and a rectangular.
The balls reach a maximum height of two meters from the ground. The m18a1 claymore is a directional antipersonnel mine used by the u. Spalling and spallation both describe the process of surface failure in which spall is shed the terms spall, spalling, and spallation have. The design of the mine dates from the 1970s and uses a magnetic influence sensor to detonate the mine, making it able to attack the full width of armoured vehicles. The armor perforation capability of the explosively formed penetrator efp made from the misznay schardin discs is marginal for the new generation of harder armored vehicles. This cache of munitions documented here in early august. An explosively formed penetrator efp, also known as an explosively formed projectile, a selfforging warhead, or a selfforging fragment, is a special type of shaped charge designed to penetrate armor effectively. Munitions reference guide james madison university. The detonation resulted in a mass of copper being projected toward the car at a speed of nearly two kilometers per second, efficiently penetrating the armoured mercedes. Died because i ran past my claymore and it explodes and kills me. Its theory dates back to 1792 but it real effect wasnt.
When the explosive detonates in contact with a metal object, the explosion is primarily directed away from the metal. The mine uses a misznay schardin effect warhead to penetrate the belly of armour vehicles. In the leadup to world war ii jozsef misznay, a hungarian army officer and ballistics expert, and german physicist hubert schardin formulated the misznay schardin effect, a phenomenon in which the blast from the face of an explosive sheet expands perpendicularly from its surface. This is a surfacedelivered, bidirectionalballisticdisk misznayschardin. Claymore mine 599 total words in this text 6096 reads. M382 special munition attack charge kinetic halo fanon. A copper plate, placed between the explosive and the target, was deformed and projected by the force of the explosion. The device comprises a mortar type body containing the flare projectile, expulsion charge. Claymore does damage in all directions instead of just in. It uses an electronic fuze with a combination magnetic and seismic fuze.
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